ISSS608 2017-18 T3 Assign Tong Wen Liang Samuel Visualization

VAST Challenge 2018: "Cheep" Shots?

Background

Methodology

Insights

Conclusion

Link to Dropbox

Insights

Our Observations

Patterns	Visualization
1. Number of Rose-crested Blue Pipit Recorded from 2011 to 2017 From 2011 to 2014, we can clearly see two distinct nesting areas for the Rose-crested Blue Pipit. The first nesting area is located in the north-eastern area of the map (First Nest), where the alleged dumping site is located at, and the second nesting area is located just south-west of the first nesting area (Second Nest). In 2015, when the alleged dumping took place, the concentration of Rose-crested Blue Pipit in the First Nest seemed to diminished completely. However, we can see an overwhelmingly increase in number of Rose-crested Blue Pipits in the Second Nest. Thereafter, the number of Rose-crested Blue Pipits in the Second Nest decreased to 27 in 2016 and 16 in 2017, as reflected from the line graph. This observations can be explained by the following: Upon losing a habitat, the Rose-Crested Blue Pipit had to migrate to the second habitat where there could have been an increase in competition for food and other resources. Therefore, this could thus lead to a sudden drop in the population size of the Rose-Crested Blue Pipit.
2. Distribution of Blue Pipits by Vocalization Type from 2013 to 2015 According to Marler. P (2004), bird songs and calls differ in terms of their application. While songs serve as a mean for birds to attract potential mates, calls on the other hand mostly serve as distress warnings to other birds. In this case, we can see that in 2013 at the First Nest, there are a mixture of songs and calls by the Blue Pipits. However, in 2014, prior to the alleged process waste dumping in 2015, the Blue Pipits started to exhibit more calls, and no songs were recorded in the First Nest. Subsequently, the Blue Pipits migrated to the Second Nest in 2015. Therefore, the observation that only calls were recorded in the First Nest in 2014 could point to the fact that activities related to the process waste dumping could have taken place in 2014 prior to the actual dumping in 2015. Perhaps a reconnaissance was being carried out to determine if the First Nest was a suitable place to dispose the process waste by Kasios.
3. Comparing Distribution of Blue Pipits Against Other Birds from 2011 to 2017 With reference to point 1 above, where Blue Pipits were seen migrating from their north-eastern nesting area to the south-west after the alleged dumping incident in 2015, it can be observed that despite having little to no competition for resources in that area, no other birds were seen migrating north-east to take over the north-eastern nesting area in 2015 or after. Interestingly, we can also visualize the migration of the Blue Pipits to the south-west of their original north-eastern nesting area by observing the spatial distribution of other birds – Specifically, the spatial distribution of the Ordinary Snape. The Ordinary Snape has always resided in the Blue Pipits’ Second Nest. When the Blue Pipits from the First Nest migrated south-west to their Second Nest in 2015 where the Ordinary Snape are located, we can see that the number of Ordinary Snape dwindled significantly from 15 in 2014 to 7 in 2015, at a more than 50% decline. Thereafter, possible due to overcrowding, when the population of the Blue Pipits declined from 45 to 27, the population of Ordinary Snape increased from 7 to 18.	No Migration of other Birds to Dumping Site from 2015 to 2016 2015 2016 Overcrowding Due to Sudden Influx of Migrated Blue Pipits from 2014 to 2016 2014 2015 2016
4. Comparison Between Distribution of Rose-crested Blue Pipit and Distribution of Test Rose-crested Blue Pipit from 2011 to 2017 Since the recordings (Test Recordings) provided by Kasios are recently recorded, we want to compare these Test Recordings with the actual recordings obtained most recently in a full year- year 2017. By looking at the location of the test bird recordings provided by Kasios, we can see that it does not commensurate with the historical geo-spatial distribution of Rose-crested Blue Pipits in 2017. Similarly, when we try comparing the spatial distribution of the Blue Pipits for the whole of 2011 to 2017 against the spatial distribution of the Test Recordings, we can see that there several Test Recordings’ locations that deviate away from where we would expect Blue Pipits to be located at, based on the actual recordings locations.
5. Selecting Samples of Actual Recordings for Analysis Upon plotting the distribution of the Grade A song and call actual recordings, we want to pick samples of actual recordings to be analysed and compared against the Test Recordings. This can be done by visualising where each of the Grade A recordings are located, and to pick those recordings that are located closest to the Test Recordings. Additionally, in order to ensure that we will be able to analyse if the sound waves of the test recordings are similar to the sound waves of the actual recordings, we want to take into account of possible environmental attributes that could lead to a difference in the patterns of recordings in each area. Therefore, we would like to first segregate the recordings into different areas as shown on the right. Since the Test Recordings have no indication of vocalization type – Whether they are song or call vocalization, we will pick the maximum of 25% samples of the population in each coloured zones, or the total population in each coloured zones if the population is less than or equals to 5. Therefore the following indicates the samples of real recordings that we will analyse: Green Segment (Song) 1. 162563 2. 277952 3. 293914 4. 377874 5. 30397 Green Segment (Call) 1. 181907 2. 111775 3. 293916 4. 368492 5. 298739 Red Segment (Song) 1. 162564 2. 138985 3. 405548 Red Segment (Call) 1. 162567 2. 162569 3. 368493 Purple Segment (Song) 1. 134557 2. 152971 Purple Segment (Call) 1. 405901
6. Determining Authenticity of Test Recordings: Analysing Patterns Between Test Recordings and Actual Recordings Upon obtaining the visualisation of both Actual and Test Recordings, we will now be able to examine the authenticity of the Test Recordings. By inspecting the Frequency of all Actual Recordings, we can see that all samples, for both song and call Vocalization Type, tend to deviate between 3kHz to 6kHz. Based on this information, we will attempt to determine the authenticity of the Test Recordings by analysing their wave patterns and to cross reference the analysed patterns against those of the Actual Recordings. Comparing Actual Green Song and Call With Test Green Recordings When comparing all Green Songs against the Green Test Recordings, we can see that none of the Green Test Recordings seem to exhibit the same patterns as those of the Actual Recordings. The Test Recordings exhibits an approximate frequency range of 0kHz to 6kHz, 3kHz to 4kHz, 3kHz to 11kHz and 0kHz to 7kHz for Test Green 1, Test Green 6, Test Green 11 and Test Green 15. Test Green 1 and Test Green 6 seem to exhibit periodic vocalization of phrases, whereas Test Green 11 and Test Green 15 tend to produce a sequence of phrases. Comparing Actual Red Song With Test Red Recordings Out of all Test Red Recordings, we can see that Test Red 2 and Test Red 9 seem to show similar patterns as Red Song 1: 162564 and to a lesser extent, Red Song 2: 138985, where both exhibited a frequency range between 3kHz to 6kHz, with tandem repeats of what seems like a single phrase-type. Therefore it is possible that these two recordings are authentic. However, the rest of the Test Recordings do not exhibit the same frequency as the Actual Recordings. Comparing Actual Red Call With Test Red Recordings In this case, when comparing with Call Recordings, which tend to be periodic vocalization instead of a sequence of notes or phrases, we can see that Test Red 3, Test Red 4 and Test Red 13 could potentially be authentic as well as they do show similar patterns when compared to the Call Recordings. Comparing Actual Purple Song and Call With Test Purple Recordings By examining the Test Purple Recordings, it seems that none of the recordings show a similar pattern to our Actual Recordings. Even though Test Purple 8 seems to show a frequency range between 3kHz to 6kHz just as the actual ones do, the sequence of notes displayed is irregular, which is unlike those of the Actual Recordings. Furthermore, the other Test Purple Recordings do not fall within the 3kHz to 6kHz frequency range.