ISSS608 2016 17T3 Group6 Report

ISSS608 Project - Group 6

About

Proposal

Poster

Report

Motivation of the application

Recently, happiness is considered to be the proper measure of social progress and the goal of public policy. According to World Happiness Report 2017, Norway is the happiest country in the world and Singapore is the happiest country in Asia. With the raw data given retrieved from Kaggle, the following interested questions would like to be approached:

• How is country happiness score distributed globally?
• How is happiness score measured?
• What factors influence the residences’ happiness the most?
• How does country happiness ranking change over the time?
• Which countries are outperformed in 2015, 2016, and 2017, and in what aspect?

Design framework

Visualization	Description
Map	World map with the package highchart shows users an intuitive distribution of happiness score across country. With yellow-blue gradient, scores from high to low can be recognized and compared straightforward.
Histogram	Histogram, an accurate graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, is used to show the distribution of world happiness scores. With the histogram, users are able to understand how the happiness score of distributed, the mean and median of the overall world happiness score from 2015 to 2017.
Tableplot	A tableplot is used to explore the relationships between the variables for high-dimensional data. In this project, it allows users to discover countries’ happiness ranking changes patterns from 2015 to 2017 on a world or region scale. The data set is sorted according to happiness rank in 2015, each row representing corresponding country’s rankings of these three years. Outperformed countries can be observed from the tableplot obviously. Concave indicates the country ranks up in 2016 or 2017, compared with 2015, while convex means its rank dropped.
Regression Analysis	Regression analysis applies linear regression to model the relationship between the dependent variable (Happiness Score) and each independent variables (Economy, Family, Health, Freedom, Trust, and Generosity). It is able for users to understand which independent variable will influence the happiness score the most through the regression analysis. Moreover, users are able to easily find out outliers for each independent variable and determine whether those countries are outperformed or fallen behind.
Heatmap	Heatmap is a graphical representation of data where the individual values contained in a matrix are represented as colors. From the heatmap, users are able to understand which countries are more keen on Economy, which countries are more interested in Freedom, and so on. Countries are grouped into clusters based on their interests of each independent variable. In this project, Shiny heatmap, an advanced user-friendly heatmap is used to allow users to customize the heatmap as desired.

Demonstration

Discussion

World overall happiness score dependency

The study shows that the world happiness score is proportional to all factors. Among all the factors, Freedom, Trust, and Health are the three factors influence the happiness scores the most. People feel happier if their country has more opportunities that people would be free to determine by themselves, less absence of corruption, and healthier life expectancy. Moreover, among these three factors, Freedom is the most important factor to determine the world happiness score from 2015 to 2017. In contrast, generosity is the most insignificant factor to world’s happiness score.

From 2015 to 2017, the influence of Trust to the happiness score is more and more significant through the years, whereas people do not think Generosity is as important as before in 2017. Other factors such as health and freedom are almost kept stable through the years.

Region happiness score dependency

(Region North America, and Australia and New Zealand are not analyzed in this analysis before there are only two countries in these regions. Bias maybe countered in due to their small amount of data.)

• Economy (GDP) is the most significant factor to determine the happiness score of Western Europe. However, the influence of economy is decreasing from 2015 to 2017, whereas the influence of Trust (absence of corruption) is becoming greater through the years.

• The most important factor for Middle East and Northern Africa is healthy life expectancy, unlike the world trend. And through the years, the influence of the Health for their people has increased significantly along the time.

Outperformed countries

• Syria performed much better in Health and Generosity than other countries whose happiness score is similar to Syria’s happiness score.

• Somalia did not performed well in economy in 2016 and 2017 comparing with other countries with the similar happiness score. Its happiness rank has been dropped from 76 to 93 in 2017 might be due to its un-well performance in economy.

• Unlike Somalia, Myanmar, who performed well in Freedom and Generosity, and Rwanda, who was outstanding in Freedom and Trust through the years have ranked higher and higher than before.

• Compared with the changes of happiness rankings within the specific region, countries with obvious difference over three years shown in tableplot are as follows: happiness rankings of Latvia (Western Europe), Algeria (Africa) and Philippines (South-eastern Asia) were improved continuously since 2015, while residences of India (South Asia), Ukraine (Western Europe), Liberia(Africa) and Venezuela (Latin America and Caribbean) have been feeling less happier since 2015 till now.
  

Country clusters

Cluster	Feature	Typical Countries
Composite Group	Family factor is the primary determinant for residences in this group. Meanwhile, Economy and Health are taken into consideration as well.	China, Malaysia, Thailand
Family & Economy Centric Group	Both Family and Economy are significant to make them happy. People in this group also regard Health as an important factor.	Singapore and other developed countries
Family-centric Group	Family is the most and almost the only important factor of happiness among all.	Almost all members of this group are from sub-Saharan

Country happiness trend

With right-skew distribution of happiness score and decreasing mean and median score annually, Western Europeans are relatively happy but less happier every year (which is observed from the histogram).

Future work

1. Enable interactions for tableplot so that the country related information would be shown up when mouse over.
2. The application will be feasible to load new data and output charts with new datasets.
3. The scale of heatmap can be adjusted automatically based on number of countries shown in the application, in order for user to have a clearer look of country properties.
4. The range of x-axis in regression analysis charts should be unique, so that users are able to easily catch which independent variable has the deepest slope.

Installation guide

Only R packages which are used in this project is mandatory to install, and all packages can be installed by R command “install.packages()”.
R packages:
data.table, plotly, ggplot2, GGally, scales, shiny, shinyBS, Shinydashboard, shinythemes, Dplyr, Leaflet, Highcharter, Countrycode, Tabplot, d3heatmap

User guide

Step1: Setup directory
Users would like to save data into their own directory, and set the path lead to the preset directory with following code when retrieve data in Data Preparation.r:
df15 <- read.csv("user directory\\2015.csv")
df16 <- read.csv("user directory\\2016.csv")
df17 <- read.csv("user directory\\2017.csv")
Step 2: Run Application
User would like to click RUN in rstudio, or use keyboard SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER to run app.r.
Step 3: Overall Picture
The first page shown up in the application is data Overall Picture. In this page, users are able to:

• Take a look of the overall distribution of happiness scores over the world though the world map and histogram
• Using Select Year to determine which year the user would like to focus on
• Using Select Region drop down list to filter by region

Step 4: Overall Ranking
By selecting the second tab 2. Overall Ranking at the top of the application, users are able to:

• Take a look of counties' happiness ranking in the world
• How the ranking of each country varies along the time
• Using Select Region drop down list to filter by region to view how the ranking of countries varies in the region

Step 5: Influential Factors of Happiness
By selecting the third tab 3. Influencial Factors of Happiness at the top of the application, users are able to:

• The linear regression line (red line) of each independent variables to Happiness score from Regression chart
• Isolated countries for each independent variable in Residual chart
• How each variable influence the happiness score of each country in heatmap. The deeper the color is, the more influential the independent variable is.
• Clusters of countries based on the independent variable influences

Using Select Region drop down list to filter by region to see:

• The linear regression line of each variable of the region (blue line)
• Clusters of countries in the selected region based on the influence of each variable in the heatmap

Using Year to select which year the user would like to focus on.
Using Select Happiness Ranking Range to filter countries by their happiness ranking.
Using Select No. of Clusters to select the number of clusters that user would like to group the countries into.