IS427:AY1314T1 Europe (G1) - Cities: Lille

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General

Lille

Lille (French pronunciation: [lil] ( listen); Dutch: Rijsel [ˈrɛi̯səɫ]) is the largest city in French Flanders. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in France after those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium. It is the capital of the Nord-Pas de Calais region and the prefecture of the Nord department.

The Lille area covers an area of 34.8 km2 Total population of 226,827 Density of 6,518 / km2 Time Zone : CET (GMT +1)

Education

With over 110 000 students, the metropolitan area of Lille is one France's top student cities. With roots[10] back from 1562 to 1793 as University of Douai (Université de Douai), then as Université Impériale in 1808, the State Université of Lille (Université Lille Nord de France) was established in Lille in 1854 with Louis Pasteur as the first dean of its Faculty of Sciences. A school of medicine and an engineering school were also established in Lille in 1854. The Université de Lille was united as the association of existing public Faculties in 1887 and was split into three independent university campus in 1970, including: Université de Lille I, also referred-to as Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), Université de Lille II with law, management, sports and medical faculties, Université Charles-de-Gaulle Lille III with humanities and social sciences courses. Ecole Centrale de Lille is one of the five Centrale Graduate Schools of engineering in France; it was founded in Lille city in 1854, its graduate engineering education and research center was established as Institut industriel du Nord (IDN) in 1872, in 1968 it moved in a modern campus in Lille suburb. École nationale supérieure de chimie de Lille was established as Institut de chimie de Lille in 1894 supporting chemistry research as followers of Kuhlmann's breakthrough works in Lille. Skema Business School established in 1892 is ranked among the top business schools in France. École nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers settled in Lille in 1900. École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies settled in Lille in 2009. ESME-Sudria and E-Artsup settled in Lille in 2012. The ESA – École Supérieure des Affaires is a Business Management school established in Lille in 1990. IEP Sciences-Po Lille political studies institute was established in Lille in 1992. The Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action is also located in Lille. The Institut supérieur européen de gestion group (ISEG Group) established in Lille in 1988. The European Doctoral College Lille Nord de France is headquartered in Lille Metropolis and includes 3,000 PhD Doctorate students supported by university research laboratories. The Université Catholique de Lille was founded in 1875. Today it has law, economics, medicine, physics faculties and schools. Among the most famous is Institut catholique d'arts et métiers (ICAM) founded in 1898, ranked 20th among engineering schools, with the specificity of graduating polyvalent engineers, Ecole des Hautes études d'ingénieur (HEI) a school of engineering founded in 1885 and offering 10 fields of specialization, École des hautes études commerciales du nord (EDHEC) founded in 1906, IESEG and Skema Business School[11] currently ranked within the top 5, the top 10 and top 15 business schools in France, respectively. In 1924 ESJ – a leading journalism school – was established.

Economy

A former major mechanical, food industry and textile manufacturing centre as well as a retail and finance center, Lille forms the heart of a larger conurbation, regrouping Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing and Villeneuve d'Ascq, which is France's 4th-largest urban conglomeration with a 1999 population of over 1.1 million. Revenues and taxes[edit] For centuries, Lille, a city of merchants, has displayed a wide range of incomes: great wealth and poverty have lived side by side, especially until the end of the 1800s. This contrast was noted by Victor Hugo in 1851 in his poem Les Châtiments: « Caves de Lille ! on meurt sous vos plafonds de pierre ! » ("Cellars of Lille: there is death below your stone roofs") </ref>

Enterprises

In 2007, Lille hosts around 21,000 industry or service sites. Enterprises as per 31 December 2007

	Number			Size category					Mean number of employees
	Greater Lille	Lille	% Lille	None	1 to 19	20 to 99	100 to 499	500+	Lille	Greater
Industries	3 774	819	22%	404	361	40	12	2	17	22
Construction	4 030	758	19%	364	360	32	2	1	7	10
Commerce	13 578	4 265	31%	2 243	1 926	83	13	0	7	11
Transports	1 649	407	25%	196	182	23	5	1	32	26
Finance	2 144	692	32%	282	340	51	17	2	21	18
Real property	5 123	1 771	35%	1 159	587	23	2	0	5	4
Business services	12 519	4 087	33%	2 656	1 249	149	27	6	15	17
Services to consummers	8 916	3 075	34%	1 636	1 347	86	6	0	7	6
Education and health	11 311	3 217	28%	2 184	765	195	58	15	43	31
Administration	4 404	1 770	40%	1 187	456	80	34	13	59	48
Total	67 468	20 861	31%	12 311	7 573	762	176	39	18	17