Difference between revisions of "SMT201 AY2019-20T1 EX2 Lee Jung Jae"

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== Part 1: A map layout with four views showing Gombak (Roads, Natural Features, Buildings and Elevation) ==
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== Part I: A map layout with four views showing Gombak (Roads, Natural Features, Buildings and Elevation) ==
 
[[File:PART 1 FINAL.png|800px|center]]
 
[[File:PART 1 FINAL.png|800px|center]]
  
 
=== Roads ===
 
=== Roads ===
 +
The Roads layer shows all the roads and their types that exists within Gombak Subzone area. From the illustration, we can see that there are many sparse areas where there are no roads network at all. This could indicate that there are possibly many areas that are suitable or not suitable for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Centre. Further analysis is required to make a decision.
  
 +
=== Natural Features ===
 +
The Natural features layer illustrates the different types of natural bodies that exist within Gombak Subzone area (Forest, Park, and Waterbody). As similar to the road network, there aren't much attributes within the natural features inside Gombak Subzone area.
  
 
=== Buildings ===
 
=== Buildings ===
 +
The Buildings layer shows the distribution of buildings inside the Gombak Subzone area. As illustrated, we can witness that most of the buildings exist at the boundaries of Gombak area and only a few exists within the central area.
 +
 +
=== Elevation model ===
 +
Building on from the previous layers descriptions, we can see through the elevation map that the Central to the Southern part of Gombak Subzone area have high-elevation characteristics, making it difficult for the places to be developed with buildings and roads.
  
 +
== Part II: A map layout with four views showing Proximity to Gombak Roads, Natural Features, Buildings and Slope ==
 +
[[File:PART 2 FINAL.png|800px|center]]
  
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=== Natural Features ===
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=== Roads Proximity ===
 +
The roads proximity map shows the proximity level of roads that exist within Gombak Subzone area. The darker areas represent closer proximity level, indicating that there are many areas within Gombak subzone area that are fairly accessible from the roads.
 +
 
 +
=== Natural Features Proximity ===
 +
The white colors in the map represent high level of proximity in this layer. As seen in the illustration above, we can notice that there are several white spots that passes throughout the central and southern region of Gombak Subzone area. This indicates that most of the natural features are fairly far away from one another.
 +
 
 +
=== Buildings Proximity ===
 +
As illustrated in part 1, we can already see that most of the buildings inside the Gombak Subzone area are quite spread out throughout the central, north, and west regions. As such, we can spot the white colors, which represents high level of proximity, throughout the different parts of Gombak Subzone area.
  
 +
=== Slope Proximity ===
 +
The dark areas indicate a lower and more gentle slope compared to the white areas. From the illustration, we can see that there are various level of slopes that exist throughout the Gombak Subzone areas.
  
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=== Elevation model ===
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== Part III: A map layout showing the criterion scores of each factor layers ==
 +
[[File:PART 3 FINAL..png|800px|center]]
  
 +
In order to standardize the values to prepare for criterion scoring models, the Z-score (MinMax) Standardization approach was used. <br/>
 +
Standardization = [Proximity to Features - Min(Proximity to Features)] / [Max(Proximity to Features) - Min(Proximity to Features)]
  
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== Part 2: Gombak and Proximity to Roads, Buildings, Natural Features and Slope ==
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=== Roads Criterion Scores ===
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[[File:MapLayout2.png|800px|center]]
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Min = 0, Max = 750 <br/>
 +
Calculation method: 1 - [RoadsProximity - Min(RoadsProximity )] / [Max(RoadsProximity ) - Min(RoadsProximity )]
  
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=== Gombak and Proximity to Roads===
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=== Natural Features Criterion Score ===
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Black being the nearest to the existing roads and white being the furthest away from roads. The tone range between black and white provides a good and clear visualization of proximity to roads. This helps to determine where CDQC should be site at Gombak based on the proximity to roads.
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Min = 0, Max = 905 <br/>
 +
Calculation method: [NaturalFeaturesProximity - Min(NaturalFeaturesProximity)] / [Max(NaturalFeaturesProximity) - Min(NaturalFeaturesProximity)]
  
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=== Gombak and Proximity to Buildings===
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=== Buildings Criterion Score ===
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The shading of the proximity to buildings is by the gradient between black and white. Black being the nearest to the buildings and white being the furthest away from buildings. The gradient of black and white provides a good and clear visualization of proximity to the buildings. This helps to determine where should CDQC be located at as it should be away from population.
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Min = 0, Max = 868 <br/>
 +
Calculation method: [BuildingsProximity - Min(BuildingsProximity)] / [Max(BuildingsProximity) - Min(BuildingsProximity)]
  
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=== Gombak and Proximity to Natural Features===
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=== Slope Criterion Score ===
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The proximity to natural features such as forest, park and water is represented by the gradient between black and white. The closer it is to black, the nearer it is to natural features. The closer it is to white, the further it is away from the natural features. This map layout helps to determine where should CDQC be situated at based on the proximity of the natural features.
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Min = 0, Max = 34.5 <br/>
 +
Calculation method: 1 - [SlopeProximity - Min(SlopeProximity)] / [Max(SlopeProximity) - Min(SlopeProximity)]
  
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=== Gombak and Proximity to Slope===
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== Part IV: Analytical Hierarchical Process input matrix and result report ==
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The degree of slope is represented by the gradient between black and white. The closer it is to black, the degree is closer to 0 degrees. This means that there is no slope or less steep slope. The closer it is to white, the degree is closer to 36.419 degrees. This means that there is a steeper slope. CDQC should be located at a less steep slope. With this layout, it helps to determine where is a suitable place to build CDQC.
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[[File:AHP Rankings.png|1000px|center]]
  
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== Part 3: Criterion Scores of Each Factor Layers ==
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===Description===
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Among all the criteria standardisation techniques, Min-Max technique will be apply to standardize the four raster layers from Part 2 to derive their criterion score.<br>
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This AHP input matrix and result report was generated by using the AHP template provided by AHP Template provided by [https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=17&ved=2ahUKEwi198HV87_lAhXhjuYKHWn1AnEQFjAQegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scbuk.com%2FAHP%2520Template%2520SCBUK.xls&usg=AOvVaw002J8QfYIxOE_I9PYqrH8_ SCB Associates]. Since the very purpose of this illustration is to find out the optimal location suitable for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Centre, it is important to consider the Health Risk Factor as number one priority among the four factors. The importance AHP percentage weights given to each respective factors are as follows: <br/>
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[[File:MapLayout3.png|800px|center]]
 
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Let X be the value.<br>
 
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The formula of Min-Max technique is [(X - Min) / (Max - Min)].
 
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=== Criterion Score for Roads ===
 
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Formula (in meters): 1 - [(X - 0) / (743.303 - 0)]<br>
 
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The higher the standardized value the nearer it is to the existing service roads and tracks.<br>
 
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The reason why there is a 1 subtracting Min-Max formula is to inverse the standardized value. The existing Min-Max technique will give a standardized value where the higher the standardized value, the further it is to the existing service roads and tracks. However, the decision factor for accessibility is to have the selected site close to existing service roads and tracks.
 
  
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=== Criterion Score for Buildings ===
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1. Health Risk Factor: 48% <br/>
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Formula (in meters): (X - 0) / (838.466 - 0)<br>
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2. Accessibility Factor: 30.9% <br/>
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The higher the standardized value, the further it is away from the buildings.
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3. Economic Factor: 13.7% <br/>
 +
4. Natural Conservation Factor: 7.4%
  
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=== Criterion Score for Natural Features ===
 
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Formula (in meters): (X - 0) / (863.669 - 0)<br>
 
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The higher the standardized value, the further it is away from forested land, park and water.
 
  
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=== Criterion Score for Slope ===
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== Part V: A map layout with the suitability land lot(s) ==
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Formula (in degrees): 1 - [(X - 0) / (36.419 - 0)]<br>
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[[File:(Suitability).png|600px|center]]
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The higher the standardized value, the lower the degree of the slope.<br>
 
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The reason why there is a 1 subtracting Min-Max formula is to inverse the standardized value. The existing Min-Max technique will give a standardized value where the higher the standardized value, the higher the degree of the slope. However, the decision factor for economic is the selected site should avoid steep slope.
 
  
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== Part 4: Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) Input Matrix & Result Report ==
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The suitability of the land to decide whether the land is suitable for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Center was found using the following calculation method: <br/>
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[[File:AHP-1.png|800px|center]]
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("BuildingProximity"*0.48)+("RoadProximity"*0.309)+("SlopeProximity"*0.137)+("NaturalFeaturesProximity"*0.074)<br/>
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[[File:AHP-2.png|400px|center]]
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The map was generated through using the raster calculation tool on QGIS. The result shows that only few areas (indicated with orange polygon) in the Southern region are the most suitable land for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Center. <br/>
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Based on the AHP input matrix and result report above, health risk factor, accessibility factor, natural conservation factor and economic factor have AHP of 40.6%, 29.8%, 23.1% and 6.5%. Health risk factor is the most important factor when considering the place to build CDQC. This is because CDQC is to isolate infected people away from healthy population. Accessibility factor is more important than the other two factors (natural conservation factor and economic factor) because in times of need, time is key to save a life. With CDQC being build close to existing roads and tracks, it can reduce cost to build additional roads. Natural conservation factor is more important than economic factor because infectious diseases may spread through air or water and may cause mutation to trees in the park and forest. Also, people may visit such places for tranquility. Last but not least, economic factor should be considered when building CDQC. If the area has steep slope, there is more cost involved to reduce the steepness before building CDQC.
 
  
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== Part 5: The Suitability Land Lot(s) ==
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===References for data used===
−
[[File:MapLayout4.png|800px|center]]
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1. MasterPlan 2014 Subzone (No Sea) retrieved from: https://data.gov.sg/dataset/master-plan-2014-subzone-boundary-no-sea <br/>
 +
2. Roads, buildings and natural features data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data sets retrieved from: https://download.bbbike.org/osm/bbbike/Singapore/ <br/>
 +
3. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) dataset jointly prepared by NASA and METI, Japan retrieved from: https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?m=-7.175!25.59375!1!1!0!0%2C2 <br/>
 +
4. Excel-based AHP Template retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=17&ved=2ahUKEwi198HV87_lAhXhjuYKHWn1AnEQFjAQegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scbuk.com%2FAHP%2520Template%2520SCBUK.xls&usg=AOvVaw002J8QfYIxOE_I9PYqrH8_

Latest revision as of 23:00, 10 November 2019

Part I: A map layout with four views showing Gombak (Roads, Natural Features, Buildings and Elevation)

PART 1 FINAL.png

Roads

The Roads layer shows all the roads and their types that exists within Gombak Subzone area. From the illustration, we can see that there are many sparse areas where there are no roads network at all. This could indicate that there are possibly many areas that are suitable or not suitable for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Centre. Further analysis is required to make a decision.

Natural Features

The Natural features layer illustrates the different types of natural bodies that exist within Gombak Subzone area (Forest, Park, and Waterbody). As similar to the road network, there aren't much attributes within the natural features inside Gombak Subzone area.

Buildings

The Buildings layer shows the distribution of buildings inside the Gombak Subzone area. As illustrated, we can witness that most of the buildings exist at the boundaries of Gombak area and only a few exists within the central area.

Elevation model

Building on from the previous layers descriptions, we can see through the elevation map that the Central to the Southern part of Gombak Subzone area have high-elevation characteristics, making it difficult for the places to be developed with buildings and roads.

Part II: A map layout with four views showing Proximity to Gombak Roads, Natural Features, Buildings and Slope

PART 2 FINAL.png

Roads Proximity

The roads proximity map shows the proximity level of roads that exist within Gombak Subzone area. The darker areas represent closer proximity level, indicating that there are many areas within Gombak subzone area that are fairly accessible from the roads.

Natural Features Proximity

The white colors in the map represent high level of proximity in this layer. As seen in the illustration above, we can notice that there are several white spots that passes throughout the central and southern region of Gombak Subzone area. This indicates that most of the natural features are fairly far away from one another.

Buildings Proximity

As illustrated in part 1, we can already see that most of the buildings inside the Gombak Subzone area are quite spread out throughout the central, north, and west regions. As such, we can spot the white colors, which represents high level of proximity, throughout the different parts of Gombak Subzone area.

Slope Proximity

The dark areas indicate a lower and more gentle slope compared to the white areas. From the illustration, we can see that there are various level of slopes that exist throughout the Gombak Subzone areas.

Part III: A map layout showing the criterion scores of each factor layers

PART 3 FINAL..png

In order to standardize the values to prepare for criterion scoring models, the Z-score (MinMax) Standardization approach was used.
Standardization = [Proximity to Features - Min(Proximity to Features)] / [Max(Proximity to Features) - Min(Proximity to Features)]

Roads Criterion Scores

Min = 0, Max = 750
Calculation method: 1 - [RoadsProximity - Min(RoadsProximity )] / [Max(RoadsProximity ) - Min(RoadsProximity )]

Natural Features Criterion Score

Min = 0, Max = 905
Calculation method: [NaturalFeaturesProximity - Min(NaturalFeaturesProximity)] / [Max(NaturalFeaturesProximity) - Min(NaturalFeaturesProximity)]

Buildings Criterion Score

Min = 0, Max = 868
Calculation method: [BuildingsProximity - Min(BuildingsProximity)] / [Max(BuildingsProximity) - Min(BuildingsProximity)]

Slope Criterion Score

Min = 0, Max = 34.5
Calculation method: 1 - [SlopeProximity - Min(SlopeProximity)] / [Max(SlopeProximity) - Min(SlopeProximity)]

Part IV: Analytical Hierarchical Process input matrix and result report

AHP Rankings.png

Description

This AHP input matrix and result report was generated by using the AHP template provided by AHP Template provided by SCB Associates. Since the very purpose of this illustration is to find out the optimal location suitable for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Centre, it is important to consider the Health Risk Factor as number one priority among the four factors. The importance AHP percentage weights given to each respective factors are as follows:

1. Health Risk Factor: 48%
2. Accessibility Factor: 30.9%
3. Economic Factor: 13.7%
4. Natural Conservation Factor: 7.4%


Part V: A map layout with the suitability land lot(s)

(Suitability).png

The suitability of the land to decide whether the land is suitable for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Center was found using the following calculation method:
("BuildingProximity"*0.48)+("RoadProximity"*0.309)+("SlopeProximity"*0.137)+("NaturalFeaturesProximity"*0.074)
The map was generated through using the raster calculation tool on QGIS. The result shows that only few areas (indicated with orange polygon) in the Southern region are the most suitable land for building a national Communicable Disease Quarantine Center.

References for data used

1. MasterPlan 2014 Subzone (No Sea) retrieved from: https://data.gov.sg/dataset/master-plan-2014-subzone-boundary-no-sea
2. Roads, buildings and natural features data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data sets retrieved from: https://download.bbbike.org/osm/bbbike/Singapore/
3. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) dataset jointly prepared by NASA and METI, Japan retrieved from: https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?m=-7.175!25.59375!1!1!0!0%2C2
4. Excel-based AHP Template retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=17&ved=2ahUKEwi198HV87_lAhXhjuYKHWn1AnEQFjAQegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scbuk.com%2FAHP%2520Template%2520SCBUK.xls&usg=AOvVaw002J8QfYIxOE_I9PYqrH8_

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