Project Motivation
When it comes to the government’s push for efficient energy usage, most effort is expended on the efficiency of energy sources – e.g. using less carbon-intensive fuels (https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/climate-change-energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-singapore). However, hitherto, there has been scant statistical analysis on possible causes of inexpedient energy usage by households, with consideration of their varied age structure and the geospatial variation of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature’s effect on energy consumption).
Our team sees geospatial analytical tools (such as R) as thus far largely unexploited in exploring the origins of geospatial variation in energy consumption and is thus using spatial interpolation techniques (such as kriging) to provide an app which allows for authorities in Singapore such as the National Environment Agency to understand with data-driven evidence the origins of variation in Singapore household energy consumption so as to have more targeted efforts to reduce energy wastage.
Project Objective
Through our project, we aim to:
Deliver a dynamic (interactive) application that provides authorities such as the National Environment Agency and Housing Development Board with the ability to:
- View monthly and yearly temperature geospatial variation in Singapore, and compare that to energy consumption at building level granularity
- View housing composition (e.g. age, income and race) geospatial variation, and compare that to energy consumption at a building level granularity
so as to make data-informed, targeted decisions to promote reduction of energy usage among varying types of households in Singapore, where hitherto there has been a blanket approach.
Data
Data |
Source |
Data Type
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 2H 2016 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 1H 2016 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 2H 2015 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 1H 2015 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 2H 2014 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 1H 2014 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 2H 2013 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Public Housing) & Dwelling Type, 1H 2013 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Private Apartments), 2015 and 2016 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption by Postal Code (Private Apartments), 2013 to 2014 |
Energy Market Authority (ema.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Resident Households by Planning Area and Dwelling Type/Household Size/Monthly Household Income |
Department of Statistics Singapore (singstat.gov.sg) |
xls
|
Singapore Residents by Planning Area/Subzone, Age Group and Sex, June 2000 - 2018 |
Department of Statistics Singapore (singstat.gov.sg) |
csv
|
Singapore Residents by Planning Area/Subzone and Type of Dwelling, June 2000 - 2018 |
Department of Statistics Singapore (singstat.gov.sg) |
csv
|
Singapore Climate Historical Data - crawled to get temperature and rain data from 2013 to 2016 at daily granularity |
Meteorological Service Singapore (weather.gov.sg) |
csv
|
Literature Review
Methodology:
Learning Points:
Areas for improvement:
Approach
Techniques:
Web Application Design
Design Inspiration
The dashboard design is inspired by https://stanleyadion.shinyapps.io/AmazeingCrop
Initial Storyboard
|
Design |
Description
|
1. |
 |
- Project and Dataset Overview
|
2. |
 |
- Bivariate Choropleth Maps showing relationships between energy consumption with other factors
- Users can choose the factor they want to compare with energy consumtion
|
3. |
 |
- A Box-plot showing distributions of energy consumption by Planning Zone and Dwelling Type
|
4. |
 |
- Lisa Maps showing spatial clustering of energy consumption observations
|
5. |
 |
- Overview of Data for GWR model
|
6. |
 |
- Transform Data for GWR model
- Users can use a histogram to check whether the variable is normally distributed
|
7. |
 |
- Select Variables for GWR model
- Users can remove correlated variables with the help of the correlation matrix plot
|
8. |
 |
- Configure a GWR model and view the results
|
Project Challenges
|
Key Challenges |
Description |
Solution
|
1. |
Temperature Data Collection |
We can only download the temperature data from Climate Authority Singapore for one station and one month each time. There are more than 60 stations and 4 years of data to be downloaded for this project, which can be very time consuming. |
- Discovered a pattern of the data links
- Used excel to auto-generate all the required data links
- Used Internet Download Manager to download from all the data links
|
2. |
Imperfect Temperature Data |
Temperature information is only collected at the designated temperature stations. |
- Use spatial interpolation techniques to estimate the temperature around the temperature stations.
|
Project Timeline
Gantt Chart of Team's Timeline - FULL Updated Version
Snapshot of Gantt Chart (as of 3 March 2019)
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