Difference between revisions of "Group25 Proposal"

Revision as of 14:09, 12 August 2018

Journey to the End of the Line
Recommendation for Singapore Bus Routes Enhancement

OVERVIEW

PROPOSAL

POSTER

APPLICATION

REPORT

Introduction

Buses forms a significant part of public transport in Singapore, Singapore's bus system has an extensive network of routes covering most places in Singapore, with over 3.9 million rides taken per day on average as of 2016, and is the most economical way to get around, as well as being one of the most scenics. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore. The newest bus operator, Go-Ahead Singapore started operation from 4 September 2016. There are also around 4,600 buses currently in operation.

Transportation plays a cardinal role in escalating the mobility, prosperity, and connectivity of a community. The more the people are satisfied with the public transportation, the more they tend to use it. The more the people use public transportation, the higher are the chances of them not buying a personal vehicle. The higher the chances of people not buying a personal vehicle, the lesser we will see cars running on the road. The lesser the cars running on the road the lesser will be the pollution generated. So, If we look at the macro picture, we see that not only the society gets affected by public transportation system but also the whole world. And, everything then comes down to the satisfaction level of the people using it.

Our main objective in this project was to look for bus routes having similar looping pattern as bus 972 as shown below, we call such routes as problematic routes. These problematic routes can result in a substantial waste of time for the people traveling from the starting point to its destination point as they have to unnecessary travel through all the bus stops in the loop until the bus takes the highway route. This futile traveling leads results in a waste of time, waste of money and bus overcrowdedness.

Example of the problematic bus route(Bus - 972)

Inspiration

According to Travel+Leisure and other such reputed websites, Singapore comes second in the list of top 15 countries with the best land transportation system. Because of the effective connectivity of bus stops and MRT stations, economic ticket rates and less traveling time, people usually go for using buses as their primary means of transport. As we can see below according to the data we found out that in the year 2016 48.2% of the total Singaporeans were using Buses and since then the numbers have been going up. This ever-increasing number of bus commuters require us to pay more attention towards making bus routes and buses more efficient for the commuters.

A peek into the proportion of people using different transportation and the trend of number of people using bus over the years

Issues & Problem

Some of the buses take a substantial amount of time to travel from starting point to the destination. For example, the route given below is of bus number 123, As we can see for a person to travel from point A to B, he has to travel unnecessarily for hours. These kinds of buses usually circle around an area, picking all the passengers up and then transits into the highway. Now, such bus routes can cause overcrowding in buses and delay for the passenger alighting at the end of the circle before the transit.

Another problem that Singapore buses currently have is that there are buses that do not stop at bus stops even though they are inside their coverage routes. This can create a problem for elderly passenger (or passenger with special needs) as the passenger needs to walk to the other bus stops even though there are bus stops near the passenger place that the bus pass through.

Example of one of the problematic route

Challenges

Some of the challenges that we will encounter in this project:

Finding appropriate longest route with longer time.
This is not only a roadblock but the first stepping stone. As we aim to optimize the bus routes we need to spot the longest routes with the longer time. Once we are done with this we can investigate further on how close the bus stops are on the way and how can we decrease the time taken by the bus to cover its whole journey.
Finding nearest bus stops to MRT station.
Since MRT stations are the most important source as well as a destination for the Bus commuters, So the distance to/from a Bus Stop is always of utmost importance. So, for these hotspots, we have to find the nearest bus stop and optimize them, if possible. For example, If a bus service is already passing by the MRT and still it’s bus stop is quite far ( say more than 50m ) Then we can optimize it to the nearer one if any. Also, if there’s a case that there is not even a single bus stop near an MRT station then we can propose to build one.

Source of Dataset

Data	Source
Singapore Bus Stops	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
Singapore Bus Routes	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
Singapore Bus Services	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
MRT Stations coordinate	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf

About Dataset

Our data is collected using LTA's API to access their database and scrape the data by using Python. The dataset that we currently have are:
1. Singapore Bus Stops.
This dataset contains a list of all currently existed Bus Stops across whole Singapore. It contained 4,985 data consist of a unique code as well as the latitude and longitude coordinate for each Bus Stop. However, as the coordinate is based on WGS84(World Geodetic System), we have to convert the coordinate into a SYV21 system. Detailed step to convert will be explained in the report.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
2. Singapore Bus Routes.
This dataset contains a list of all route that Singapore bus currently have. It contained 25,959 data consist of bus stops code and the bus service number, as well as the distance between each bus stops that buses follow.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
3. Singapore Bus Services.
This dataset contains a list of all Singapore Bus that currently in service. It contained 1,410 data consist of buses code and the destination code for that bus.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
4. MRT Stations coordinate.
This dataset contains coordinate of all Singapore MRT Stations. Unfortunately, the file is in SHP and we can only open one of them .SHP file using JMP. Therefore, there is no detail regarding the name of the MRT stations. We will have to manually match the data with the MRT Station in google map based on this coordinate. The coordinate is based on SVY21 system.
Below is the sample of this dataset.

Journey to the End of the Line
Recommendation for Singapore Bus Routes Enhancement

OVERVIEW

PROPOSAL

POSTER

APPLICATION

REPORT

Introduction

Buses forms a significant part of public transport in Singapore, Singapore's bus system has an extensive network of routes covering most places in Singapore, with over 3.9 million rides taken per day on average as of 2016, and is the most economical way to get around, as well as being one of the most scenics. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore. The newest bus operator, Go-Ahead Singapore started operation from 4 September 2016. There are also around 4,600 buses currently in operation.

Transportation plays a cardinal role in escalating the mobility, prosperity, and connectivity of a community. The more the people are satisfied with the public transportation, the more they tend to use it. The more the people use public transportation, the higher are the chances of them not buying a personal vehicle. The higher the chances of people not buying a personal vehicle, the lesser we will see cars running on the road. The lesser the cars running on the road the lesser will be the pollution generated. So, If we look at the macro picture, we see that not only the society gets affected by public transportation system but also the whole world. And, everything then comes down to the satisfaction level of the people using it.

Our main objective in this project was to look for bus routes having similar looping pattern as bus 972 as shown below, we call such routes as problematic routes. These problematic routes can result in a substantial waste of time for the people traveling from the starting point to its destination point as they have to unnecessary travel through all the bus stops in the loop until the bus takes the highway route. This futile traveling leads results in a waste of time, waste of money and bus overcrowdedness.

Example of the problematic bus route(Bus - 972)

Inspiration

According to Travel+Leisure and other such reputed websites, Singapore comes second in the list of top 15 countries with the best land transportation system. Because of the effective connectivity of bus stops and MRT stations, economic ticket rates and less traveling time, people usually go for using buses as their primary means of transport. As we can see below according to the data we found out that in the year 2016 48.2% of the total Singaporeans were using Buses and since then the numbers have been going up. This ever-increasing number of bus commuters require us to pay more attention towards making bus routes and buses more efficient for the commuters.

A peek into the proportion of people using different transportation and the trend of number of people using bus over the years

Issues & Problem

Some of the buses take a substantial amount of time to travel from starting point to the destination. For example, the route given below is of bus number 123, As we can see for a person to travel from point A to B, he has to travel unnecessarily for hours. These kinds of buses usually circle around an area, picking all the passengers up and then transits into the highway. Now, such bus routes can cause overcrowding in buses and delay for the passenger alighting at the end of the circle before the transit.

Another problem that Singapore buses currently have is that there are buses that do not stop at bus stops even though they are inside their coverage routes. This can create a problem for elderly passenger (or passenger with special needs) as the passenger needs to walk to the other bus stops even though there are bus stops near the passenger place that the bus pass through.

Example of one of the problematic route

Challenges

Some of the challenges that we will encounter in this project:

Finding appropriate longest route with longer time.
This is not only a roadblock but the first stepping stone. As we aim to optimize the bus routes we need to spot the longest routes with the longer time. Once we are done with this we can investigate further on how close the bus stops are on the way and how can we decrease the time taken by the bus to cover its whole journey.
Finding nearest bus stops to MRT station.
Since MRT stations are the most important source as well as a destination for the Bus commuters, So the distance to/from a Bus Stop is always of utmost importance. So, for these hotspots, we have to find the nearest bus stop and optimize them, if possible. For example, If a bus service is already passing by the MRT and still it’s bus stop is quite far ( say more than 50m ) Then we can optimize it to the nearer one if any. Also, if there’s a case that there is not even a single bus stop near an MRT station then we can propose to build one.

Source of Dataset

Data	Source
Singapore Bus Stops	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
Singapore Bus Routes	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
Singapore Bus Services	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
MRT Stations coordinate	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf

About Dataset

Our data is collected using LTA's API to access their database and scrape the data by using Python. The dataset that we currently have are:
1. Singapore Bus Stops.
This dataset contains a list of all currently existed Bus Stops across whole Singapore. It contained 4,985 data consist of a unique code as well as the latitude and longitude coordinate for each Bus Stop. However, as the coordinate is based on WGS84(World Geodetic System), we have to convert the coordinate into a SYV21 system. Detailed step to convert will be explained in the report.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
2. Singapore Bus Routes.
This dataset contains a list of all route that Singapore bus currently have. It contained 25,959 data consist of bus stops code and the bus service number, as well as the distance between each bus stops that buses follow.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
3. Singapore Bus Services.
This dataset contains a list of all Singapore Bus that currently in service. It contained 1,410 data consist of buses code and the destination code for that bus.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
4. MRT Stations coordinate.
This dataset contains coordinate of all Singapore MRT Stations. Unfortunately, the file is in SHP and we can only open one of them .SHP file using JMP. Therefore, there is no detail regarding the name of the MRT stations. We will have to manually match the data with the MRT Station in google map based on this coordinate. The coordinate is based on SVY21 system.
Below is the sample of this dataset.

Journey to the End of the Line
Recommendation for Singapore Bus Routes Enhancement

OVERVIEW

PROPOSAL

POSTER

APPLICATION

REPORT

Introduction

Buses forms a significant part of public transport in Singapore, Singapore's bus system has an extensive network of routes covering most places in Singapore, with over 3.9 million rides taken per day on average as of 2016, and is the most economical way to get around, as well as being one of the most scenics. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore. The newest bus operator, Go-Ahead Singapore started operation from 4 September 2016. There are also around 4,600 buses currently in operation.

Transportation plays a cardinal role in escalating the mobility, prosperity, and connectivity of a community. The more the people are satisfied with the public transportation, the more they tend to use it. The more the people use public transportation, the higher are the chances of them not buying a personal vehicle. The higher the chances of people not buying a personal vehicle, the lesser we will see cars running on the road. The lesser the cars running on the road the lesser will be the pollution generated. So, If we look at the macro picture, we see that not only the society gets affected by public transportation system but also the whole world. And, everything then comes down to the satisfaction level of the people using it.

Our main objective in this project was to look for bus routes having similar looping pattern as bus 972 as shown below, we call such routes as problematic routes. These problematic routes can result in a substantial waste of time for the people traveling from the starting point to its destination point as they have to unnecessary travel through all the bus stops in the loop until the bus takes the highway route. This futile traveling leads results in a waste of time, waste of money and bus overcrowdedness.

Example of the problematic bus route(Bus - 972)

Inspiration

According to Travel+Leisure and other such reputed websites, Singapore comes second in the list of top 15 countries with the best land transportation system. Because of the effective connectivity of bus stops and MRT stations, economic ticket rates and less traveling time, people usually go for using buses as their primary means of transport. As we can see below according to the data we found out that in the year 2016 48.2% of the total Singaporeans were using Buses and since then the numbers have been going up. This ever-increasing number of bus commuters require us to pay more attention towards making bus routes and buses more efficient for the commuters.

A peek into the proportion of people using different transportation and the trend of number of people using bus over the years

Issues & Problem

Some of the buses take a substantial amount of time to travel from starting point to the destination. For example, the route given below is of bus number 123, As we can see for a person to travel from point A to B, he has to travel unnecessarily for hours. These kinds of buses usually circle around an area, picking all the passengers up and then transits into the highway. Now, such bus routes can cause overcrowding in buses and delay for the passenger alighting at the end of the circle before the transit.

Another problem that Singapore buses currently have is that there are buses that do not stop at bus stops even though they are inside their coverage routes. This can create a problem for elderly passenger (or passenger with special needs) as the passenger needs to walk to the other bus stops even though there are bus stops near the passenger place that the bus pass through.

Example of one of the problematic route

Challenges

Some of the challenges that we will encounter in this project:

Finding appropriate longest route with longer time.
This is not only a roadblock but the first stepping stone. As we aim to optimize the bus routes we need to spot the longest routes with the longer time. Once we are done with this we can investigate further on how close the bus stops are on the way and how can we decrease the time taken by the bus to cover its whole journey.
Finding nearest bus stops to MRT station.
Since MRT stations are the most important source as well as a destination for the Bus commuters, So the distance to/from a Bus Stop is always of utmost importance. So, for these hotspots, we have to find the nearest bus stop and optimize them, if possible. For example, If a bus service is already passing by the MRT and still it’s bus stop is quite far ( say more than 50m ) Then we can optimize it to the nearer one if any. Also, if there’s a case that there is not even a single bus stop near an MRT station then we can propose to build one.

Source of Dataset

Data	Source
Singapore Bus Stops	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
Singapore Bus Routes	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
Singapore Bus Services	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
MRT Stations coordinate	https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf

About Dataset

Our data is collected using LTA's API to access their database and scrape the data by using Python. The dataset that we currently have are:
1. Singapore Bus Stops.
This dataset contains a list of all currently existed Bus Stops across whole Singapore. It contained 4,985 data consist of a unique code as well as the latitude and longitude coordinate for each Bus Stop. However, as the coordinate is based on WGS84(World Geodetic System), we have to convert the coordinate into a SYV21 system. Detailed step to convert will be explained in the report.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
2. Singapore Bus Routes.
This dataset contains a list of all route that Singapore bus currently have. It contained 25,959 data consist of bus stops code and the bus service number, as well as the distance between each bus stops that buses follow.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
3. Singapore Bus Services.
This dataset contains a list of all Singapore Bus that currently in service. It contained 1,410 data consist of buses code and the destination code for that bus.
Below is the sample of this dataset.
4. MRT Stations coordinate.
This dataset contains coordinate of all Singapore MRT Stations. Unfortunately, the file is in SHP and we can only open one of them .SHP file using JMP. Therefore, there is no detail regarding the name of the MRT stations. We will have to manually match the data with the MRT Station in google map based on this coordinate. The coordinate is based on SVY21 system.
Below is the sample of this dataset.

Difference between revisions of "Group25 Proposal"

Revision as of 14:09, 12 August 2018

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@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 <!--INTRODUCTION-->
-<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
-<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Introduction</span></font>
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Introduction</span></font>
 </div>
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 <!--INSPIRATION-->
-<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:20px;">
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:20px;">
-<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Inspiration</span></font>
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Inspiration</span></font>
 </div>
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 <!--Issues & Problem-->
-<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
-<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Issues & Problem</span></font>
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Issues & Problem</span></font>
 </div>
+Some of the buses take a substantial amount of time to travel from starting point to the destination. For example, the route given below is of bus number '''''123''''', As we can see for a person to travel from point A to B, he has to travel unnecessarily for hours. These kinds of buses usually circle around an area, picking all the passengers up and then transits into the highway. Now, such bus routes can cause overcrowding in buses and delay for the passenger alighting at the end of the circle before the transit.
+<br><br>
+Another problem that Singapore buses currently have is that there are buses that do not stop at bus stops even though they are inside their coverage routes. This can create a problem for elderly passenger (or passenger with special needs) as the passenger needs to walk to the other bus stops even though there are bus stops near the passenger place that the bus pass through.
+<br><br>
+<!--Bus_123-->
+<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
+<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Example of one of the problematic route</span></font>
+</div>
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="text-align:center;" |
+;
+[[File:972 bus route.PNG|500px]]
+;
+|}
+<!--Issues Problem-->
+<!--Challenges-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Challenges</span></font>
+</div>
+Some of the challenges that we will encounter in this project:<br>
+#<b>Finding appropriate longest route with longer time.</b><br>This is not only a roadblock but the first stepping stone. As we aim to optimize the bus routes we need to spot the longest routes with the longer time.  Once we are done with this we can investigate further on how close the bus stops are on the way and  how can we decrease the time taken by the bus to cover its whole journey.<br>
+#<b>Finding nearest bus stops to MRT station.</b><br>Since MRT stations are the most important source as well as a destination for the Bus commuters, So the distance to/from a Bus Stop is always of utmost importance. So, for these hotspots, we have to find the nearest bus stop and optimize them, if possible. For example, If a bus service is already passing by the MRT and still it’s bus stop is quite far ( say more than 50m ) Then we can optimize it to the nearer one if any. Also, if there’s a case that there is not even a single bus stop near an MRT station then we can propose to build one.
 <br>
+<!--Challenges-->
+<!--DATASET-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:25px;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Source of Dataset</span></font>
+</div>
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Data !! Source
+|-
+| Singapore Bus Stops || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|-
+| Singapore Bus Routes  || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|-
+| Singapore Bus Services  || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|-
+| MRT Stations coordinate  || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|}
+<!--DATASET-->
+<!--About Data Source-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">About Dataset</span></font>
+</div>
+Our data is collected using LTA's API to access their database and scrape the data by using Python. The dataset that we currently have are:<br>
+<b>1. Singapore Bus Stops.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all currently existed Bus Stops across whole Singapore. It contained 4,985 data consist of a unique code as well as the latitude and longitude coordinate for each Bus Stop. However, as the coordinate is based on WGS84(World Geodetic System), we have to convert the coordinate into a SYV21 system. Detailed step to convert will be explained in the report.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<b>2. Singapore Bus Routes.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all route that Singapore bus currently have. It contained 25,959 data consist of bus stops code and the bus service number, as well as the distance between each bus stops that buses follow.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<b>3. Singapore Bus Services.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all Singapore Bus that currently in service. It contained 1,410 data consist of buses code and the destination code for that bus.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<b>4. MRT Stations coordinate.</b><br> This dataset contains coordinate of all Singapore MRT Stations. Unfortunately, the file is in SHP and we can only open one of them .SHP file using JMP. Therefore, there is no detail regarding the name of the MRT stations. We will have to manually match the data with the MRT Station in google map based on this coordinate. The coordinate is based on SVY21 system.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<!--Data Source-->
+<br>
+<br>
+<!--MAIN HEADER -->
+<div style="background:#565656; border:#565656; text-align:left;">
+[[File:Bus_Route_1.jpg|209px|left]]
+<br>
+<font size = 5; color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;"><b>Journey to the End of the Line</b><br></span></font>
+<font size = 3; color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Recommendation for Singapore Bus Routes Enhancement</span></font>
+<br><br>
+<div style="background:#d16163; border:#565656; padding-left:0px; text-align:left;"><br></div>
+</div>
+<!--MAIN MENU -->
+{|style="background-color:#002060;" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background: #20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Overview| <font color="#FFFFFF">OVERVIEW</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:	#d16163; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Proposal| <font color="#FFFFFF">PROPOSAL</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:#20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Poster| <font color="#FFFFFF">POSTER</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:#20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Application| <font color="#FFFFFF">APPLICATION</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:#20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Report| <font color="#FFFFFF">REPORT</font>]]
+|}
+<!--MAIN HEADER -->
+<!--INTRODUCTION-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Introduction</span></font>
+</div>
+Buses forms a significant part of public transport in Singapore, Singapore's bus system has an extensive network of routes covering most places in Singapore, with over 3.9 million rides taken per day on average as of 2016, and is the most economical way to get around, as well as being one of the most scenics. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore. The newest bus operator, Go-Ahead Singapore started operation from 4 September 2016. There are also around 4,600 buses currently in operation.
+<br><br>
+Transportation plays a cardinal role in escalating the mobility, prosperity, and connectivity of a community. The more the people are satisfied with the public transportation, the more they tend to use it. The more the people use public transportation, the higher are the chances of them not buying a personal vehicle. The higher the chances of people not buying a personal vehicle, the lesser we will see cars running on the road. The lesser the cars running on the road the lesser will be the pollution generated. So, If we look at the macro picture, we see that not only the society gets affected by public transportation system but also the whole world. And, everything then comes down to the satisfaction level of the people using it.
+<br><br>
+Our main objective in this project was to look for bus routes having similar looping pattern as bus 972 as shown below, we call such routes as problematic routes.
+These problematic routes can result in a substantial waste of time for the people traveling from the starting point to its destination point as they have to unnecessary travel through all the bus stops in the loop until the bus takes the highway route. This futile traveling leads results in a waste of time, waste of money and bus overcrowdedness.
+<br><br>
+<!--Bus_123-->
+<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
+<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Example of the problematic bus route(Bus - 972)</span></font>
+</div>
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="text-align:center;" |
+;
+[[File:972 bus route.PNG|500px]]
+;
+|}
+<!--INTRODUCTION-->
+<!--INSPIRATION-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:20px;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Inspiration</span></font>
+</div>
+According to '''''Travel+Leisure''''' and other such reputed websites, Singapore comes second in the list of top 15 countries with the best land transportation system. Because of the effective connectivity of bus stops and MRT stations, economic ticket rates and less traveling time, people usually go for using buses as their primary means of transport. As we can see below according to the data we found out that in the year 2016 48.2% of the total Singaporeans were using Buses and since then the numbers have been going up. This ever-increasing number of bus commuters require us to pay more attention towards making bus routes and buses more efficient for the commuters.
+<!--INSPIRATION-->
+<!--Singapore_Bus-->
+<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
+<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">A peek into the proportion of people using different transportation and the trend of number of people using bus over the years</span></font>
+</div>
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="text-align:center;" |
+;
+[[File:Side by Side.PNG|1000px]]
+;
+|}
+<!--Singapore_Bus-->
+<!--Issues & Problem-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Issues & Problem</span></font>
+</div>
 Some of the buses take a substantial amount of time to travel from starting point to the destination. For example, the route given below is of bus number '''''123''''', As we can see for a person to travel from point A to B, he has to travel unnecessarily for hours. These kinds of buses usually circle around an area, picking all the passengers up and then transits into the highway. Now, such bus routes can cause overcrowding in buses and delay for the passenger alighting at the end of the circle before the transit.
 <br><br>
@@ Line 104: / Line 266: @@
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 ;
-[[File:Bus 123.PNG|500px]]
+[[File:972 bus route.PNG|500px]]
 ;
 |}
@@ Line 113: / Line 275: @@
 <!--Challenges-->
-<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
-<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Challenges</span></font>
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Challenges</span></font>
 </div>
+Some of the challenges that we will encounter in this project:<br>
+#<b>Finding appropriate longest route with longer time.</b><br>This is not only a roadblock but the first stepping stone. As we aim to optimize the bus routes we need to spot the longest routes with the longer time.  Once we are done with this we can investigate further on how close the bus stops are on the way and  how can we decrease the time taken by the bus to cover its whole journey.<br>
+#<b>Finding nearest bus stops to MRT station.</b><br>Since MRT stations are the most important source as well as a destination for the Bus commuters, So the distance to/from a Bus Stop is always of utmost importance. So, for these hotspots, we have to find the nearest bus stop and optimize them, if possible. For example, If a bus service is already passing by the MRT and still it’s bus stop is quite far ( say more than 50m ) Then we can optimize it to the nearer one if any. Also, if there’s a case that there is not even a single bus stop near an MRT station then we can propose to build one.
+<br>
+<!--Challenges-->
+<!--DATASET-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:25px;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Source of Dataset</span></font>
+</div>
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Data !! Source
+|-
+| Singapore Bus Stops || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|-
+| Singapore Bus Routes  || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|-
+| Singapore Bus Services  || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|-
+| MRT Stations coordinate  || https://www.mytransport.sg/content/dam/datamall/datasets/LTA_DataMall_API_User_Guide.pdf
+|}
+<!--DATASET-->
+<!--About Data Source-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">About Dataset</span></font>
+</div>
+Our data is collected using LTA's API to access their database and scrape the data by using Python. The dataset that we currently have are:<br>
+<b>1. Singapore Bus Stops.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all currently existed Bus Stops across whole Singapore. It contained 4,985 data consist of a unique code as well as the latitude and longitude coordinate for each Bus Stop. However, as the coordinate is based on WGS84(World Geodetic System), we have to convert the coordinate into a SYV21 system. Detailed step to convert will be explained in the report.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<b>2. Singapore Bus Routes.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all route that Singapore bus currently have. It contained 25,959 data consist of bus stops code and the bus service number, as well as the distance between each bus stops that buses follow.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<b>3. Singapore Bus Services.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all Singapore Bus that currently in service. It contained 1,410 data consist of buses code and the destination code for that bus.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<b>4. MRT Stations coordinate.</b><br> This dataset contains coordinate of all Singapore MRT Stations. Unfortunately, the file is in SHP and we can only open one of them .SHP file using JMP. Therefore, there is no detail regarding the name of the MRT stations. We will have to manually match the data with the MRT Station in google map based on this coordinate. The coordinate is based on SVY21 system.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.
+<br>
+<!--Data Source-->
+<br>
+<br>
+<!--MAIN HEADER -->
+<div style="background:#565656; border:#565656; text-align:left;">
+[[File:Bus_Route_1.jpg|209px|left]]
 <br>
+<font size = 5; color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;"><b>Journey to the End of the Line</b><br></span></font>
+<font size = 3; color="#FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Recommendation for Singapore Bus Routes Enhancement</span></font>
+<br><br>
+<div style="background:#d16163; border:#565656; padding-left:0px; text-align:left;"><br></div>
+</div>
+<!--MAIN MENU -->
+{|style="background-color:#002060;" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background: #20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Overview| <font color="#FFFFFF">OVERVIEW</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:	#d16163; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Proposal| <font color="#FFFFFF">PROPOSAL</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:#20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Poster| <font color="#FFFFFF">POSTER</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:#20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Application| <font color="#FFFFFF">APPLICATION</font>]]
+| style="font-family:Century Gothic; font-size:100%; solid #1B338F; background:#20517e; text-align:center;" width="20%" |
+;
+[[Group25_Report| <font color="#FFFFFF">REPORT</font>]]
+|}
+<!--MAIN HEADER -->
+<!--INTRODUCTION-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Introduction</span></font>
+</div>
+Buses forms a significant part of public transport in Singapore, Singapore's bus system has an extensive network of routes covering most places in Singapore, with over 3.9 million rides taken per day on average as of 2016, and is the most economical way to get around, as well as being one of the most scenics. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore. The newest bus operator, Go-Ahead Singapore started operation from 4 September 2016. There are also around 4,600 buses currently in operation.
+<br><br>
+Transportation plays a cardinal role in escalating the mobility, prosperity, and connectivity of a community. The more the people are satisfied with the public transportation, the more they tend to use it. The more the people use public transportation, the higher are the chances of them not buying a personal vehicle. The higher the chances of people not buying a personal vehicle, the lesser we will see cars running on the road. The lesser the cars running on the road the lesser will be the pollution generated. So, If we look at the macro picture, we see that not only the society gets affected by public transportation system but also the whole world. And, everything then comes down to the satisfaction level of the people using it.
+<br><br>
+Our main objective in this project was to look for bus routes having similar looping pattern as bus 972 as shown below, we call such routes as problematic routes.
+These problematic routes can result in a substantial waste of time for the people traveling from the starting point to its destination point as they have to unnecessary travel through all the bus stops in the loop until the bus takes the highway route. This futile traveling leads results in a waste of time, waste of money and bus overcrowdedness.
+<br><br>
+<!--Bus_123-->
+<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
+<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Example of the problematic bus route(Bus - 972)</span></font>
+</div>
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="text-align:center;" |
+;
+[[File:972 bus route.PNG|500px]]
+;
+|}
+<!--INTRODUCTION-->
+<!--INSPIRATION-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:20px;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Inspiration</span></font>
+</div>
+According to '''''Travel+Leisure''''' and other such reputed websites, Singapore comes second in the list of top 15 countries with the best land transportation system. Because of the effective connectivity of bus stops and MRT stations, economic ticket rates and less traveling time, people usually go for using buses as their primary means of transport. As we can see below according to the data we found out that in the year 2016 48.2% of the total Singaporeans were using Buses and since then the numbers have been going up. This ever-increasing number of bus commuters require us to pay more attention towards making bus routes and buses more efficient for the commuters.
+<!--INSPIRATION-->
+<!--Singapore_Bus-->
+<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
+<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">A peek into the proportion of people using different transportation and the trend of number of people using bus over the years</span></font>
+</div>
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="text-align:center;" |
+;
+[[File:Side by Side.PNG|1000px]]
+;
+|}
+<!--Singapore_Bus-->
+<!--Issues & Problem-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Issues & Problem</span></font>
+</div>
+Some of the buses take a substantial amount of time to travel from starting point to the destination. For example, the route given below is of bus number '''''123''''', As we can see for a person to travel from point A to B, he has to travel unnecessarily for hours. These kinds of buses usually circle around an area, picking all the passengers up and then transits into the highway. Now, such bus routes can cause overcrowding in buses and delay for the passenger alighting at the end of the circle before the transit.
+<br><br>
+Another problem that Singapore buses currently have is that there are buses that do not stop at bus stops even though they are inside their coverage routes. This can create a problem for elderly passenger (or passenger with special needs) as the passenger needs to walk to the other bus stops even though there are bus stops near the passenger place that the bus pass through.
+<br><br>
+<!--Bus_123-->
+<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
+<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Example of one of the problematic route</span></font>
+</div>
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" valign="top" border="0"  |
+| style="text-align:center;" |
+;
+[[File:972 bus route.PNG|500px]]
+;
+|}
+<!--Issues Problem-->
+<!--Challenges-->
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Challenges</span></font>
+</div>
 Some of the challenges that we will encounter in this project:<br>
 #<b>Finding appropriate longest route with longer time.</b><br>This is not only a roadblock but the first stepping stone. As we aim to optimize the bus routes we need to spot the longest routes with the longer time.  Once we are done with this we can investigate further on how close the bus stops are on the way and  how can we decrease the time taken by the bus to cover its whole journey.<br>
@@ Line 125: / Line 449: @@
 <!--DATASET-->
-<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:25px;">
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:25px;">
-<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Source of Dataset</span></font>
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">Source of Dataset</span></font>
 </div>
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 143: / Line 467: @@
 <!--About Data Source-->
-<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">
+<div style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
-<font size = 5><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">About Dataset</span></font>
+<font size = 6><span style="font-family:Century Gothic;">About Dataset</span></font>
 </div>
-<br>
 Our data is collected using LTA's API to access their database and scrape the data by using Python. The dataset that we currently have are:<br>
 <b>1. Singapore Bus Stops.</b><br> This dataset contains a list of all currently existed Bus Stops across whole Singapore. It contained 4,985 data consist of a unique code as well as the latitude and longitude coordinate for each Bus Stop. However, as the coordinate is based on WGS84(World Geodetic System), we have to convert the coordinate into a SYV21 system. Detailed step to convert will be explained in the report.<br> Below is the sample of this dataset.