Group18 Proposal

A sanctuary for women – Is there one?

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Introduction

Crime against women in India is very old social issue which is prevalent in almost all societies. It is increasing day by day and deeply rooted in the Indian society even after increasing education level of people. Inefficient legal system, weak rules of laws and patriarchal society in the second most populous country are few factors attributing and triggering increase in crime against women. The recent public outcry following a brutal gang rape of a young woman in India's national capital was a watershed moment in the world's largest democracy. The hype in the media across the world compels us to believe that crimes against women in India is on a dramatic rise. As the crime data is available in public, an increased understanding of the situation will potentially contribute to enhanced law enforcement efforts.

India is one of the countries in the world with high crime rates. There were 2.97 million crime cases reported in India in 2016 which is increase of 382% as compared to 6,01,964 crime cases reported in 1953. These numbers are however not accurate as many crime cases goes unreported due to reason such as fear, financial status, and long court proceedings. Crime against women including sexual harassment, rape, trafficking of women, child marriage, domestic violence, and female infanticides are most common crimes in India. The National Crime Records Bureau stated in one of its reports that 56 percent of crimes in India are committed by people in age group of 16 – 25 years. According to report released by Global Peace Index in 2017, India is ranked fourth most dangerous country for women travelers. Above statistics highlights the urgent need for government to ensure proper law and order situation in the country. This is necessary in order to improve the overall image of India among foreign travelers who are interested in visiting and exploring India.

In our analysis, we take a step forward in this direction to discover the hidden truth in the Women Crime data using visualization techniques to better understand crime occurrences in India across all administrative divisions. Crime data coupled with Indian Census data 2011 were obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Government of India for analysis and visualization. The research culminates in an interactive application built on R Shiny web application that allows the user to explore and analyse data to derive insights he or she requires. R is used as the tool of choice in creating the web application due to its rich library of packages for statistical analysis and data visualization.

Dataset Description

Indian Women Crime dataset was obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Govt of India official website. The Indian census data of year 2011 is supplemented with crime data to provide holistic view of relationship between crime and social factors at district level across the country. The shape files for India has been taken from GADM website with administrative layer 1 and 2 for states and districts respectively.
The complete dataset consists of 8629 observations of women crime occurrences recorded in 29 States, 7 Union territories across 640 districts in India between the year 2001 to year 2014. Seven types of women crime recorded uniformly across all the years was used to prepare the full dataset. The Indian Census data was used to obtain six new variables namely Population, Male Population, Female Population, Literacy, Male Literacy and Female literacy across the 640 districts in the country.

Key Objectives

The main objectives of the project that we will focus our analysis on are as follows:

1. Crime Pattern Detection – Spatial analysis of crime data to identify the hot Spots/high density crime areas by hierarchical level of States and Districts
2. Time series analysis of crime data over 14 years to analyze the pattern in the crime rate
3. Relationship among different categories of crimes using spatial distribution
4. Correlation analysis of social factors and crime rates, since normally socioeconomic factors could be the reason for committing crimes like theft, burglary and kidnapping

Approach

We will be taking the following approach as part of our analysis: Data Cleaning, Data Preparation, Visualization , Analysis and Insights. We will be using JMP Pro , Excel and R for the data cleaning and data preparation suitable for our analysis. For the visual analysis we will be using Tableau and R. Some of the R packages that we will be using are :

• dplyr,tidyverse - Data Cleaning
• cartogram,tmap,leaflet,mapview and sf - Geospatial
• ggplot2,plotly- Plots
• funnelR,Heatmaply - Relationship plots
• Shiny , Shinythemes

Project Schedule

Expected Challenges

• Consistent Data : As the type of crimes is not uniform for all the years in the data, there is a need of data cleaning and preparing the data suitable for the visualization.
• Accurate Analysis : The socio-economic India census data is available over the year 2011 , so the data needs to be prepared as per the year 2011 for accurate data analysis across different districts to enable visualize the crime pattern in India.

References

• Complete Information about the dataset Crime against women in India : https://www.kaggle.com/rajanand/crime-in-india
• Indian Government Data 2016 crime rate Statistics : https://data.gov.in/catalog/crime-india-2016