Difference between revisions of "Group14 Proposal"

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[[File:Airbnb vs Hotels.png|border|center]]
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<b><font size = 5; color="#ffffff"> Towards Greater Transparency for the Global Arms Trade </font></b>
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[[ISSS608_2017-Group14_Proposal|<b><font size="4"><font color="#373f51">Proposal</font></font></b>]]
  
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[[Home|<font color="#b64a82"><strong>OVERVIEW</strong></font>]]
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[[ISSS608_2017-Group14_Poster|<b><font size="2"><font color="#373f51">Poster</font></font></b>]]
  
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[[ISSS608_2017-Group14_Application| <b><font size="2"><font color="#373f51">Application</font></font></b>]]
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[[Project Application|<font color="#b64a82"><strong>APPLICATION</strong></font>]]
 
  
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<!--OVERVIEW CONTENT -->
 
<!--OVERVIEW CONTENT -->
 
==Overview==
 
==Overview==
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In 2016, there were 1.459 billion departures made by international outbound tourists from their country of usual residences, which was an increase of 46% from the 999 million departures in 2006, in a span of 10 years.[1]
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The global arms trade has been a major concern as the international transfer of arms between states could lead to wars, crimes against humanity and contribute to serious violations of international human rights.
 +
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) conducts research on arms transfers between regions and states aimed at increasing the fundamental understanding of the impact of arms transfers and to support policymaking. SIPRI aims to contribute to greater transparency in the global arms trade to ensure responsible international arms transfers, hence helping to prevent violent conflict, alleviate tensions and warn about potentially destabilizing arms accumulations. Based on the latest publication by SIPRI in 2017, a rising trend is observed in the volume of international transfers of major weapons, with the highest volume of arm transfers recorded between 2013 to 2017, since 1990 [1]. Research conducted by SIPRI also shows that the global arms trade industry is continuing to export weapons into for deadly armed conflicts.   [2]
 
   
 
   
 
<!--Tourism-->
 
<!--Tourism-->
 
<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">  
 
<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">  
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<font size = 4><span style="font-family:sans-serif;">International Tourism, Number of Departures from 1995 to 2016</span></font>
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<font size = 4><span style="font-family:sans-serif;">Trend in International Arms Transfers,1978 to 2017 </span></font>
 
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[[File:TIV Trends.jpg|border|600px]]
 
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<!--Tourism-->
 
<!--Tourism-->
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Additionally, the tourism industry has contributed significantly to the world’s economy, where the recorded expenditure of international outbound tourists in other countries amounted to USD 1.362 trillion[2].
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<!-- MOTIVATION--->
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<!--Tourism-->
 
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<div style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;padding-top:5px;">
 
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<font size = 4><span style="font-family:sans-serif;">International Tourism, Expenditures (Current US$) from 1995 to 2016</span></font>
 
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==Motivation and Objectives==
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Based on the Global Peace Index 2018 published by the Institute for Economics and Peace, we have identified the countries with 'Low' and 'Very Low Peace' global peace index. [3]
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[[File:Tourism Expenditure.png|border|600px]]
 
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<!--Tourism-->
 
  
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A key factor that has contributed significantly to the tourism industry is the rise of the sharing economy. According to UNWTO (2017), the sharing economy is “the sharing of access to goods and services from peer-to-peer / private-to-private coordinated through community-based online services”. Despite having a business model that deviates from the conventional hospitality business strategy, Airbnb, a platform which allows peer-to-peer hosting and rental of private homes, has become a significant player in the hospitality industry.
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Our project aims to identify the trends and patterns in the international arms transfers at the regional and country levels for these countries and we wish to explore the arms trade dependencies of these countries with other countries. We also aim to explore the major importers and exporters of arms weapons and to find out the relationships between the global arm importers and exporters. Our team is motivated to design a dynamic and interactive dashboard to provide students and policymakers a better understanding and holistic view of the global arms trade.
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However, we understand that there are various social and environmental implications that comes with the growing global hospitality business. Prior researches have shown that there is a relationship between crime and public disorder, and tourism[3], and tourists are often the victims of these crimes.[4]
 
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Therefore, this project aims to create a visualisation of the spatial relationship between crime and hospitality, and to delve deeper into understanding the difference in the relationship between crime and the conventional hospitality business – Hotels and Hostels, and between crime and Airbnb. Additionally, this project will drill down into visualizing the different types of crimes that are most spatially related to the different categories of hospitality business.
 
  
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<!-- MOTIVATION--->
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Through our analysis, we hope to address the following: <br>
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==Motivation==
 
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To ensure a sustainable development of the tourism industry by decreasing the levels of crime and victimization of tourists should be of the utmost concern of policy-makers. We hope that by initializing the visualization of the effects of tourism on crime and public disorder on a local level, greater awareness towards this problem will be achieved, and interoperability between local governmental agencies will be encouraged to address this issue.
 
  
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<!-- OBJECTIVES--->
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'''1) To explore the arms imports at regional and country level'''  <br>
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==Objectives==
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We want to observe the trends in the global arms imports, find out the countries and regions with the highest arm imports and also identify if there are any unusual patterns in the global arm transfers over the years. <br>
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Through our analysis, we hope to address the following: <br />
 
  
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'''1) To explore the Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Crime Rates'''<br />
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'''2) To explore the arm trade dependencies between countries''' <br>
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We want to find out if the criminal rates differ between spatial areas close to Hotels and Airbnb. <br />
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We would like to explore the chord diagram and network chart to find out the exchange of arms transfer between countries. <br>
  
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'''2) To determine if there is a difference in the type of criminal activities and offences committed between spatial areas close to  Airbnb versus Hotels. '''<br />
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'''3) Analyse the top exporters of arms''' <br>
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For a particular region or country, we would like to find out which are the top exporters supplying arms and find out the trends in the arms suppliers across the years. <br>
  
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'''3) Analyse Crime patterns by Day versus Night Crime; Weekday versus Weekend Crimes between Hotels and Airbnb'''<br />  
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'''4) Explore the arms imports with the economic and population indicators''' <br>
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Explore if the timings and frequency of criminal activities and offences committed differ between spatial areas close to  Airbnb versus Hotels.
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Our group wishes to find out if there is a relationship between the economic and population indicators with the arms imports of countries.
  
 
==Data Sources==
 
==Data Sources==
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| Type || Description || Source
 
| Type || Description || Source
 
|-
 
|-
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| Demographics || Detailed Aribnb Listings data for London ||  
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| Demographics || Detailed Listing of total trend-indicator value (TIV) of a country arms imports or exports, broken down by supplier, recipient ||  
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http://insideairbnb.com/get-the-data.html
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https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers
 
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| Demographics || Detailed listing of Street-level crime data in London || https://data.police.uk/data/
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| Demographics || Detailed listing of World Economic and Population Indicators || https://www.worldbank.org/
 
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|  Demographics || Detailed listing of Hotels in London ||  
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|  Demographics || Detailed listing of Global Peace Index of Countries || http://economicsandpeace.org/
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http://tour-pedia.org/about/datasets.html
 
 
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|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
<!--TOOLS AND PAKCAGES -->
 
<!--TOOLS AND PAKCAGES -->
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==Tools and Packages==
 
==Tools and Packages==
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• rshiny<br />
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• treemap<br />
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• rshiny<br />
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• d3treeR<br />
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• rshiny<br />
 
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• ggmap<br />
 
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• leaflet<br />
 
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• tmap<br />
 
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• shinydashboard<br />
 
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• mapview<br />
 
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• rgdal<br />
 
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• rgeos<br />
 
 
• dplyr<br />
 
• dplyr<br />
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• spatialPosition
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• tidyverse<br />
 +
• tidyr<br />
 +
• ggplot2<br />
 +
• tidyr<br />
 +
• rsconnect<br />
 +
• htmltools<br />
 +
• htmlwidgets<br />
 +
• metricsgraphics<br />
 +
• RColorBrewer<br />
 +
• shiny<br />
 +
• flexdashboard<br />
 +
• networkD3<br />
 +
• visNetwork<br />
 +
• plotly<br />
 +
• janitor<br />
 +
 
  
 
<!--REFERENCES -->
 
<!--REFERENCES -->
 +
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
−
[1] The World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.DPRT?end=2016&start=1995<br />
+
[1] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. https://www.sipri.org/research/armament-and-disarmament/arms-transfers-and-military-spending/international-arms-transfers<br />
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[2] The World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.XPND.CD?end=2016&start=1995<br />
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[2] Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/killer-facts-the-scale-of-the-global-arms-trade/<br />
−
[3] R. I. Mawby. Crime and disorder, security and the tourism industry. In Handbook of Security; Gill, M., Ed.; Palgrave-Macmillan: London UK, 2014; pp. 383-403<br />
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[3] The Institute for Economics and Peace. http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/
−
[4] Mawby, R. I.; Brunt, P.; Hambly, Z., Victimization on holiday: A British survey. Int. Rev. Vict. 1996, 6, 201-211<br />
 
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[5] R. I. Mawby et al, 2016. Addressing the Security Concerns of Locals and Visitors for the Sustainable Development of Tourist Destinations
 

Latest revision as of 00:26, 14 August 2018

Randy-tarampi-225537-unsplash.jpg Towards Greater Transparency for the Global Arms Trade

Proposal

Report

Poster

Application

 



Overview

The global arms trade has been a major concern as the international transfer of arms between states could lead to wars, crimes against humanity and contribute to serious violations of international human rights. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) conducts research on arms transfers between regions and states aimed at increasing the fundamental understanding of the impact of arms transfers and to support policymaking. SIPRI aims to contribute to greater transparency in the global arms trade to ensure responsible international arms transfers, hence helping to prevent violent conflict, alleviate tensions and warn about potentially destabilizing arms accumulations. Based on the latest publication by SIPRI in 2017, a rising trend is observed in the volume of international transfers of major weapons, with the highest volume of arm transfers recorded between 2013 to 2017, since 1990 [1]. Research conducted by SIPRI also shows that the global arms trade industry is continuing to export weapons into for deadly armed conflicts. [2]

Trend in International Arms Transfers,1978 to 2017

TIV Trends.jpg


Motivation and Objectives

Based on the Global Peace Index 2018 published by the Institute for Economics and Peace, we have identified the countries with 'Low' and 'Very Low Peace' global peace index. [3]

Our project aims to identify the trends and patterns in the international arms transfers at the regional and country levels for these countries and we wish to explore the arms trade dependencies of these countries with other countries. We also aim to explore the major importers and exporters of arms weapons and to find out the relationships between the global arm importers and exporters. Our team is motivated to design a dynamic and interactive dashboard to provide students and policymakers a better understanding and holistic view of the global arms trade.

Through our analysis, we hope to address the following:

1) To explore the arms imports at regional and country level
We want to observe the trends in the global arms imports, find out the countries and regions with the highest arm imports and also identify if there are any unusual patterns in the global arm transfers over the years.

2) To explore the arm trade dependencies between countries
We would like to explore the chord diagram and network chart to find out the exchange of arms transfer between countries.

3) Analyse the top exporters of arms
For a particular region or country, we would like to find out which are the top exporters supplying arms and find out the trends in the arms suppliers across the years.

4) Explore the arms imports with the economic and population indicators
Our group wishes to find out if there is a relationship between the economic and population indicators with the arms imports of countries.

Data Sources

Type Description Source
Demographics Detailed Listing of total trend-indicator value (TIV) of a country arms imports or exports, broken down by supplier, recipient

https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers

Demographics Detailed listing of World Economic and Population Indicators https://www.worldbank.org/
Demographics Detailed listing of Global Peace Index of Countries http://economicsandpeace.org/


Tools and Packages

• treemap
• d3treeR
• dplyr
• tidyverse
• tidyr
• ggplot2
• tidyr
• rsconnect
• htmltools
• htmlwidgets
• metricsgraphics
• RColorBrewer
• shiny
• flexdashboard
• networkD3
• visNetwork
• plotly
• janitor


References

[1] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. https://www.sipri.org/research/armament-and-disarmament/arms-transfers-and-military-spending/international-arms-transfers
[2] Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/killer-facts-the-scale-of-the-global-arms-trade/
[3] The Institute for Economics and Peace. http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/

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